1821

Start of the War of Independence

Revolutionaries capture Tripoli (September 1821)

1822

Defeat and death of Ali Pasha of Ioannina

Massacre of Chios

Failed Ottoman attempt to take Missolonghi

Defeat of Dramali Pasha in the Peloponnese

First National Assembly at Epidaurus and passing of Provisional Regime

1823

Establishment of government at Nafplion

Second National Assembly at Astros (30 March – 11 April 1823) and passing of Constitution

Revolutionaries victorious at Dervenakia

Start of civil war among the revolutionaries(1823-1825)

1824

Foreign loan agreement

Mahmud II requests the aid of Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt

Ottoman and Egyptian fleets quash the Cretan rising and lay waste to Kasos and Psara

1825

Imprisonment of Kolokotronis

Second foreign loan agreement

Second siege of Missolonghi by the Ottomans

1826

Third National Assembly

“Exodus” of Missolonghi

1827

Death of Karaiskakis

Fall of Athens to the Ottoman army

Kapodistrias elected first Governor of Greece by the Third National Assembly

Adoption of Political Constitution of Greece

London Protocol: Britain, France and Russia decide on military intervention against the Ottomans and urge the establishment of an independent Greek state

1828

Kapodistrias arrives in Nafplion

Suspension of Political Constitution

London Protocol: Britain, France and Russia decide the establishment of an independent Greek state, subject to the Sultan, consisting of the Peloponnese and the Cyclades.

1829

Fourth National Assembly at Argos

Revolutionaries win Battle of Petra

Treaty of Adrianople, concluding the Russo-Turkish War. Includes Ottoman acceptance of an independent Greek state.

1830

London Protocol: Britain, France and Russia recognise the Kingdom of Greece as an independent sovereign state, its borders following the line of the Rivers Achelous and Spercheios, and the appointment of Prince Leopold o fSaxe-Coburg as first king of Greece

1831

Assassination of Kapodistrias

Appointment of Prince Otto, second son of Ludwig I of Bavaria, as new king of Greece

1832

Fifth National Assembly at Argos

Treaty of London: the Greek state is declared a hereditary monarchy with Otto I as its first king

Treaty of Constantinople: the Ottoman Empire recognises the newly established Greek state, with its borders running from the Pagasetic to the Ambracian Gulf